Literature Samples:

Environ Technol. 2010 Jul-Aug;31(8-9):935-42.

New trends in bio/nanotechnology: stable proteins as advanced
molecular tools for health and environment.
Staiano M, Baldassarre M, Esposito M, Apicella E, Vitale R, Aurilia V,
D'Auria S.

Laboratory for Molecular Sensing, Institute of Protein Biochemistry,
CNR, Naples, Italy.
.......
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"Sensing intracellular oxygen using near-infrared phosphorescent
probes and live-cell fluorescence imaging.

TomĂĄs C. O'Riordan,1 Kathleen Fitzgerald,2 Gelii V. Ponomarev,3 John
Mackrill,4 James Hynes,5 Cormac Taylor,2 and Dmitri B. Papkovsky1,5

1Biochemistry Department/Analytical Biological and Chemical Research
Facility, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; 2University College
Dublin, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;
3Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia; 4Physiology
Department, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork,
Ireland; 5Luxcel Biosciences, BioInnovation Centre, University College
Cork, Cork, Ireland

Submitted 4 October 2006 ; accepted in final form 8 December 2006

The development and application of a methodology for measurement of
oxygen within single mammalian cells are presented, which employ novel
macromolecular near infrared (NIR) oxygen probes based on new
metalloporphyrin dyes. The probes, which display optimal spectral
characteristics and sensitivity to oxygen, excellent photostability,
and low cytotoxicity and phototoxicity, are loaded into cells by
simple transfection procedures and subsequently analyzed by high-
resolution fluorescence microscopy. The methodology is demonstrated by
sensing intracellular oxygen in different mammalian cell lines,
including A549, Jurkat, and HeLa, and monitoring rapid and transient
changes in response to mitochondrial uncoupling by valinomycin and
inhibition by antimycin A. Furthermore, the effect of ryanodine
receptor-mediated Ca2+ influx on cellular oxygen uptake is shown by
substantial changes in the level of intracellular oxygen. The results
demonstrate the ability of this technique to measure small, rapid, and
transient changes in intracellular oxygen in response to different
biological effectors. Moreover, this technique has wide ranging
applicability in cell biology and is particularly useful in the study
of low oxygen environments (cellular hypoxia), mitochondrial and
cellular (dys)function, and for therapeutic areas, such as
cardiovascular and neurological research, metabolic diseases, and
cancer.

metalloporphyrin; mitochondrial function; uncoupling


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: D. B.
Papkovsky, Luxcel Biosciences, BioInnovation Centre, University
College Cork, Cork, Ireland (e-mail: d.papkovsky@ucc.i.e.)'



  Trends in Neurosciences
Volume 29, Issue 3, March 2006, Pages 160-166
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doi:10.1016/j.tins.2006.01.004 | How to Cite or Link Using DOI
Copyright Š 2006 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.    Cited By in
Scopus (31)
  Permissions & Reprints "

RETRIEVED FROM THE OPEN INTERNET - IN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN ALREADY

 THE IDEA OF USING LIGHT AND ANY LIFE AGENT TO UNDERSTAND BIO
PROCESSESIS ALWAYS EXCIDING MORE RISKY AKSJOMATIC MODELS.

SEE BELOW. NATURE HAS OWN GAUGING; WE NEED TO CONNECT SELF TO IT.


...............................................................
"Optical probing of neuronal circuit dynamics: genetically encoded
versus classical fluorescent sensors

This article is not included in your organization's subscription.
However, you may be able to access this article under your
organization's agreement with Elsevier.

Thomas KnĂśpfel, Javier DĂ­ez-GarcĂ­a and Walther Akemann

Laboratory for Neuronal Circuit Dynamics, RIKEN Brain Science
Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198 Japan


Available online 27 January 2006.

During the past few decades, optical methods for imaging activity in
networks composed of thousands of neurons have been developed. These
techniques rely mainly on organic-chemistry-based dyes as indicators
of Ca2+ and membrane potential.

However, recently a new generation of probes, genetically encoded
fluorescent protein sensors, has emerged for use by physiologists
studying the operation of neuronal circuits.

SEE! PLEASE REMEMBER THAT TEHSE ARE FUNCTIONAL CIRCUTS; THEY ARE
STEADY WHEN THEY ARE WHAT I CALL 'CAPTURED' OR THEY ARE NOT - THEY
RECONGREGATE ON THE NEED. BUT WHAT SI INTERESTING THEY COMPETE
IN THE FUNCTIONAL WORLD OF LIFE PROCESSES WITH THE TEST AS CLASSICAL.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CRITERION FOR SUCJ COMPARISON WOULD BE
INTERESTING.

 We critically review the development of these new probes,
and analyze objectives and experimental conditions in which classical
probes are likely to prevail and where the fluorescent protein sensors
will open paths to previously unexplored territories of functional
neuroimaging.

Article Outline
Introduction
Imaging of Ca2+ signals and voltage signals for the investigation of
neuronal circuit dynamics
Essential specifications of optical probes for theinvestigation of
neuronal circuit dynamics
Genetically encoded probes
Fluorescent protein Ca2+ sensors
Fluorescent protein voltage sensors
Transgenic expression of fluorescent protein-based sensors in defined
subsets of neurons
Comparison of available optical probes for monitoring neuronal circuit
dynamics
Future directions..."

..........

Serotonin and Go Modulate Functional States of Neurons and Muscles
Controlling C. elegans Egg-Laying Behavior

Stanley I. Shyn1, Rex Kerr2 and William R. Schafer*, 1, 2,

1 Program in Neurosciences, niversity of California, San Diego, La
Jolla, CA 92093 USA
2 Division of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla,
CA 92093 USA
Correspondence: William R. Schafer, (858) 822-0508 (phone), (858)
822-3021 (fax)
    * From nematodes to humans, animals employ neuromodulators like
serotonin to regulate behavioral patterns and states. In the nematode
C. elegans, serotonin has been shown to act in a modulatory fashion to
increase the rate and alter the temporal pattern of egg laying [[1–
4]]. Though many candidate effectors and regulators of serotonin have
been identified in genetic studies [[5–16]], their effects on specific
neurons and muscles in the egg-laying circuitry have been difficult to
determine. Using the genetically encoded Ca2+ indicator cameleon, we
found that serotonin acts directly on the vulval muscles to increase
the frequency of Ca2+ transients. In contrast, we found that the
spontaneous activity of the egg-laying motorneurons was silenced by
serotonin. Mutations in G protein Îą subunit genes altered the
responses of both vulval muscles and egg-laying neurons to serotonin;
specifically, mutations in the GqÎą homolog egl-30 blocked serotonin
stimulation of vulval muscle Ca2+ transients, while mutations in the
GoÎą homolog goa-1 prevented the silencing of motorneuron activity by
serotonin. These data indicate that serotonin stimulates egg laying by
directly modulating the functional state of the vulval muscles. In
addition, serotonin inhibits the activity of the motorneurons that
release it, providing a feedback regulatory effect that may contribute
to serotonin adaptation.


Jobs from the Cell Career Network
Full Member/Professor
Port St Lucie, FL
Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute
Faculty Position in Genetics
Piscataway, New Jersey
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
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London, United Kingdom
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Position
Tucson, AZ
University of Arizona
...........

Environmental biosensors are written less about while extremely
educational to out eye and brain - they are out there; any self
cleaning pond ( about best example), paddle ( we have discovered it in
May 2007 as the paddle cleaner that self evolved using the split of
light ove rthe drip of gas from the gas tank opening, and interacting
with liden); many forest
formations and all around us when nature is allowed to free interact.
They are worth seeing and following - free models for cleaning the
rest.

We have many of these on the Trenton - Camden River Line; mashes
leading in these as the rain forest parts are moderatate and overgrown
by green ( otherwise they would have won; perhaps together with the
living desart, that we have only partly acting but getting green to -
invoked by the Nasa flies over and exosting the environ; compensatory
mechanism kicking in instant; new species created every week,
something very interesting; the line needs to be an environmental
landmark, new category
to advocate for)