FIVU: Specialised neuroscience news on hemispheric brain
stimulation/recovery


         FOR YOUR CRITICAL REVIEW

"VNS in TLE
Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) has been approved for the therapy of
refractory seizures since 1996 in Europe and 1997 in the US for
individuals >12 years old. It was initially studied and continues to
be used very often for the treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy
refractory to therapy and not amenable to focal resection. It has also
been found to have positive and long-lasting effects in refractory
bitemporal epilepsy.
HERE IS THAT IMPACT; SINCE OUR WORK IN M,AY 2008 WE KNOW THAT HUMAN
BRAIN HAS A PULSE AND RGYTMT ( I KNEW THAT EARLIER), THAT
EXPRESSES OITSELF IN THE DIRECTOR OF ENERGY FLOW AND ITS DY\YNAMIC.
IT ALTINATES CLOCKWISE AND COUNTERCLOCKWISE. WE NOTIVE THAT WHEN OUR
SHOES SMELL DIFFERENTLY OR ON OTHER COINCIDING EVENTS.

THAT VERY FEATURE OF THE BRAIN USING BALACING FEATURES OF THE
HEMISHERIC PREVAILANCE AND FLOW IS SO IMPORTANT IN ANY BRAIN
REHABILITATION AND STIMULATION AS IS FOR..BALANCUING THE NASA
SMALL CABIN. PLEASE EXTRAPOLATE THE REST.

BRAIN UTILIZED BLACK AND OTHER COLOUR SOLID AND INVISIBLE ENERGY -
THAT IS WHAT GREYING HAIR IS ABOUT, EXCEPT THAT WE DO NOT NEED TO LET
HAIR GREYING. UP TO 30" OF GRYYNESS IS COMPLETELLY REVERSIBLE. IT
COULD BE THAT EVEN MORE CAN BE -WHEN THAT OCCURS OUR BRAIN GETS A
BOOST ( me is balancing it since 1938 and i only get a streak and work
it in
excercizing brain work). See that the ark under which color
distribution insight the contex takes plays is playng the role in the
color distribution not only of the sun or other external light but the
invisible an dwiusible light insight the  brain.

Happy solving the whole puzzle.

SEE YOU AT THE CONVENTIOSN OR ON SATELLITES.

 The recommended stimulus intensities range from 0.25 to 3.5mA.
Children under 12 years have also benefited. They have higher
stimulation thresholds and lower conduction velocity than adults.
Therefore, a higher stimulus current (or longer pulse width) may be
required. The pulse duration commonly employed has been 500
microseconds. However, pulses of 250 microseconds are often tolerated
better, with minimal change in effectiveness. Further reduction in
pulse width requires much higher currents. This change is
spectacularly preponderant in children below 12 years of age. Thus, a
pulse width of 130 microseconds is not recommended in young children.
Stimulus frequencies between 20-30Hz are recommended. In general, low
stimulus frequencies are believed to facilitate repetitive stimulation
of the slow conducting C fibers, thus increasing autonomic side
effects.
THIS IS OTHER FACTOR - HOW DOES IT INTERPLAYS WITH THE LIGHT.

 Duty cycles, 50% or less appear to be safe and effective, but the
standard duty cycle of 30 seconds ON and 5 minutes OFF (10%) is
generally preferred. Patients who do not respond may be switched to
faster cycles (such as 14%, 22%, 32%, or 50%). There are no definite
predictors of response, but retrospective analysis of VNS databases
has suggested some possibilities. Longer duration of epilepsy (>22
years) may predict a better response except in patients who may be
initially retarded and institutionalized, then in those, shorter
duration may correlate with better responses. No single drug appears
to pair with VNS in a way that consistently distinguishes its
effectiveness, but Topiramate may offer some advantages based on some
retrospective data. The VNS appears to be particularly effective in
the treatment of patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Some
information suggests that patients with independent seizure foci in
both hemispheres may have a lesser response to VNS. Nevertheless,
these patients may benefit from VNS. The VNS seems to be equally
effective in adult, pediatric, and elderly populations.

Patients who fail to benefit from epilepsy surgery appear not to
respond as favorably to VNS therapy as other patients. Other
experience in post corpus callosotomy patients suggests that they may
respond quite favorably to VNS. In July 2005, VNS was approved by the
FDA for treatment-resistant major depression. Other potential
indications include chronic pain, migraine, cluster headache, obesity,
and Alzheimer’s disease.


Author:  Mohamad  A.  Mikati
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